Perfect Passive Voice
Пассивный залог в совершенных временах
Чтобы сказать, что над чем-то производилось действие недавно или действие над подлежащим производилось какой-то период до данного момента, используется Present Perfect Passive Tense.
Чтобы указать на действие, которое производилось над подлежащим до какого-то момента или события в прошлом используется Past Perfect Passive.
Формула Perfect Passive
Страдательный залог в английском языке имеет формулу, которая может применяться для всех видов пассива.
to have + been + Past Participle
Past Participle образуется с помощью окончания ed. Если глагол неправильный, используется третья колонка таблицы неправильных глаголов.
В данной формуле никогда не меняется Past Participle. Чтобы изменить время пассива, нужно работать с to be. При создании Perfect Passive to be превращается в been.
Глагол to be в Perfect Passive Voice
В простом страдательном залоге глагол to be имеет формы:
Present Perfect Passive: have been, has been.
Past Perfect Passive: had been.
Future Perfect Passive: will have been.
Примеры применения Perfect Passive
She has been given a present. – Ей вручили подарок (имеется ввиду недавно).
They have been cooked pizza. – Им приготовили пиццу (имеется ввиду только что, недавно).
They had been cooked pizza by 5 o’clock yesterday. – Им приготовили пиццу вчера к пяти часам.
They will have been cooked pizza by 5 o’clock tomorrow. – Им приготовят пиццу завтра к пяти часам.
1. Утверждение в Perfect Passive Voice
Чтобы создать утверждение, то над чем совершается действие, ставится подлежащим, затем глагол to be в форме have/has/had/will have + been и Past Participle.
Present Perfect
I have been given
She has been given
He has been given
It has been given
You have been given
We have been given
They have been given
Past Perfect
I had been given
She had been given
He had been given
It had been given
You had been given
We had been given
They had been given
Future Perfect
I will have been given
She will have been given
He will have been given
It will have been given
You will have been given
We will have been given
They will have been given
2. Отрицание в Perfect Passive Voice
Чтобы создать отрицание, после глагола to be (have/have/had/will have + been) ставиться отрицательная частица not.
Present Perfect
I have not been given
She has not been given
He has not been given
It has not been given
You have not been given
We have not been given
They have not been given
Past Perfect
I had not been given
She had not been given
He had not been given
It had not been given
You had not been given
We had not been given
They had not been given
Future Perfect
I will not have been given
She will not have been given
He will not have been given
It will not have been given
You will not have been given
We will not have been given
They will not have been given
3. Вопросы в Perfect Passive Voice
Чтобы создать вопрос, глагол have/has/had/will ставиться перед подлежащим (в пассиве подлежащим является то, над чем совершается действие).
Preset Perfect
Have I been given?
Has she been given?
Has he been given?
Has it been given?
Have you been given?
Have we been given?
Have they been given?
Past Simple
Had I been given?
Had she been given?
Had he been given?
Had it been given?
Had you been given?
Had we been given?
Had they been given?
Future Simple
Will I have been given?
Will she have been given?
Will he have been given?
Will it have been given?
Will you have been given?
Will we have been given?
Will they have been given?
4. Вопросительные слова с Perfect Passive Voice
Если есть вопросительное слово, то оно ставиться перед всей конструкцией. Не забываем! После вопросительного слова или выражения сразу всегда стоит to be в пассивных грамматических конструкциях.
What have I been given?
What has she been given?
What has he been given?
What has it been given?
What have you been given?
What have we been given?
What have they been given?
5. Ответы в Perfect Passive Voice
Ответ создается с помощью помощников have/has/had/will соответствующего времени.
Положительные ответы в Perfect Passive Voice
Yes, I have.
Yes, she has.
Yes, he has.
Yes, it had.
Yes, you have.
Yes, we have.
Yes, they have.
Yes, I had.
Yes, she had.
Yes, he had.
Yes, it had.
Yes, you had.
Yes, we had.
Yes, they had.
Yes, I will.
Yes, she will.
Yes, he will.
Yes, it will.
Yes, you will.
Yes, we will.
Yes, they will.
Отрицательные ответы в Perfect Passive Voice
No, I have not.
No, she has not.
No, he has not.
No, it has not.
No, you have not.
No, we have not.
No, they have not.
No, I had not.
No, she had not.
No, he had not.
No, it had not.
No, you had not.
No, we had not.
No, they had not.
No, I won’t.
No, she won’t.
No, he won’t.
No, it won’t.
No, you won’t.
No, we won’t.
No, they won’t.
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Упражнения на тему Perfect Passive Voice
Present Perfect Passive Voice № 1
Present Perfect Passive Voice № 2
Present Perfect Passive Voice № 3
Present Perfect Passive Voice № 4
Questions Present Perfect Passive Voice № 5
Past Perfect Passive Voice № 6
Past Perfect Passive Voice № 7
Past Perfect Passive Voice № 8
Past Perfect Passive Voice № 9
Continuous Passive Voice